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I. Matrix Isolation of 1,1-Diazenes. II. Distance, Temperature, and Dynamic Solvent Effects on Electron Transfer Reactions

Citation

Hanson, James Edward (1990) I. Matrix Isolation of 1,1-Diazenes. II. Distance, Temperature, and Dynamic Solvent Effects on Electron Transfer Reactions. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/1F5A-AC10. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-06072007-131625

Abstract

Part I: Investigations of the reactive intermediates known as 1, 1-diazenes or aminonitrenes are reported. These unstable species were generated by UV photolysis of appropriately substituted carbamoyl azides under matrix isolation conditions. Four systems were investigated: three cyclic dialkyl 1,1-diazenes (1,1-tetramethylenediazene 1, 1, 1-trimethylenediazene 2, and 3,4-dehydro-1, 1-tetramethylenediazene 15) and the first diaryl 1,1-diazene, 1,1-diphenyldiazene 22. 1,1-Diazene 1 could be generated by broad band UV photolysis (200-400 nm) of the carbamoyl azide, but 2 and 22 required narrow band photolysis (290-310 nm) and gave poorer yields. 1, 1-Diazene 15 could not be isolated even at 10 K. The chemical and spectroscopic properties of the 1, 1-diazenes were investigated in some detail, and the results were analyzed with regard to the stability of the various 1,1-diazenes and the different reactive pathways available to 1,1-diazenes with different substituents.

Part II: The dependence of intramolecular electron transfer rates for porphyrin-quinone compounds on distance and temperature was studied. It was found that the rates depend exponentially on the edge-to-edge donor acceptor distance Re as

kET = ko exp [-α Re]

with α values of 1.10 to 1.25 in different solvents. The temperature dependence studies revealed that the electron transfer rates are not activated in a classical sense, but instead depend on the dynamic relaxation properties of the solvent. In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, the rates are nearly independent of temperature at high temperatures (200-300 K), then begin to decrease with decreasing temperature. In toluene, the rates increase with decreasing temperature, while in deuterated toluene the rates initially increase with decreasing temperature, then go through a maximum around 215 K, and finally decrease. Apart from the unusual solvent isotope effect in the toluene and toluene-8 data, this appears to be the first observation of the rate turnover with solvent "friction" predicted by Kramers. The results were analyzed in terms of theoretical predictions of the dependence of electron transfer rates on the longitudinal relaxation time of the solvent τL using the equation

kET = kNA / 1.00 + (α / KNAτL) + γkNAτL

where kNA is a maximum rate and α and γ are fitted parameters. This equation gave reasonable fits to the data for all three solvents.

Item Type:Thesis (Dissertation (Ph.D.))
Subject Keywords:Matrix Isolation; 1,1-Diazenes; Electron Transfer; Porphyrin
Degree Grantor:California Institute of Technology
Division:Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Major Option:Chemistry
Thesis Availability:Public (worldwide access)
Research Advisor(s):
  • Dervan, Peter B.
Thesis Committee:
  • Dougherty, Dennis A. (chair)
  • Dervan, Peter B.
  • Marcus, Rudolph A.
Defense Date:8 September 1989
Record Number:CaltechETD:etd-06072007-131625
Persistent URL:https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-06072007-131625
DOI:10.7907/1F5A-AC10
ORCID:
AuthorORCID
Hanson, James Edward0000-0001-7899-2802
Default Usage Policy:No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.
ID Code:2509
Collection:CaltechTHESIS
Deposited By: Imported from ETD-db
Deposited On:21 Jun 2007
Last Modified:21 Dec 2019 04:54

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