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Carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Citation

Weigert, Frank Julian (1968) Carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/2KB0-DB51. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:01042016-132544422

Abstract

High-resolution, natural-abundance 13C spectra have been obtained from a wide variety of organic compounds; 13C chemical shifts and coupling constants have been correlated with other molecular properties.

Geminal and vicinal, carbon-proton couplings in benzene and the five- and six-membered aromatic heterocycles have been related to the corresponding proton-proton couplings in substituted ethylenes. The carbon-proton coupling constants in benzene are JCCH = + 1.0, JCCCH = +7.4 and JCCCH = -1.1 Hz. Extended Hückel wavefunctions are uniformly poor in explaining the long-range, carbon-proton couplings in aromatic systems.

Couplings between carbon and elements other than hydrogen have been observed in proton decoupled 13C spectra. All of the carbons in fluorobenzene and 1-fluoronaphthalene, but only six of the carbons in 2-fluoronaphthalene are coupled to the fluorine. One-bond, carbon-phosphorus coupling in trialkylphosphines is negative, while one-bond, carbon-phosphorus coupling in tetra-alkylphosphonium ions is positive. Atoms which do not use hybrid orbitals to form bonds to carbon (F, P(III), Se, Te) may have negative, one-bond coupling constants because of the failure of the average energy approximation. One-bond couplings between carbon and carbon, silicon, tin, lead and mercury appear to be explainable in terms of an effective nuclear charge and the s-bond order of the metal. Couplings between carbon and nitrogen and phosphorus (IV) have significant negative contributions to the Fermi contact coupling expression, though, within one series, correlations with s-bond order may be valid. Carbon-carbon coupling in cyclopropane derivatives (10-15 Hz) is consistent with a high degree of p character in the interior orbitals. Some two- and three-bond carbon-carbon coupling constants have also been observed.

Substituent effects of hydroxyl groups on the 13C chemical shifts of continuous-chain alkanes depend both on steric and electronic factors. The hydroxyl substituent effects in the long-chain, primary alcohols are α = -48.3, β = -10.2, and γ = +6.0 ppm. The upfield γ effect is attributed to steric crowding in the gauche conformations. Additivity of the hydroxyl and carbonyl and alkyl substituent effects in alkyl-substituted cyclohexanols and cyclohexanones has been demonstrated.

Item Type:Thesis (Dissertation (Ph.D.))
Subject Keywords:Chemistry
Degree Grantor:California Institute of Technology
Division:Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Major Option:Chemistry
Thesis Availability:Public (worldwide access)
Research Advisor(s):
  • Roberts, John D.
Thesis Committee:
  • Unknown, Unknown
Defense Date:15 May 1968
Record Number:CaltechTHESIS:01042016-132544422
Persistent URL:https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:01042016-132544422
DOI:10.7907/2KB0-DB51
Default Usage Policy:No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.
ID Code:9355
Collection:CaltechTHESIS
Deposited By:INVALID USER
Deposited On:05 Jan 2016 00:16
Last Modified:21 Dec 2019 01:43

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